Abstract
Periodontitis is a common chronic inflammatory disease driven by the interaction between a dysbiotic oral microbiome and the dysregulated host immune-inflammatory response. Naturally derived nutraceuticals, such as resveratrol and its analogs, are potential adjunctive therapies in periodontal treatment due to their antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. Furthermore, different analogs of resveratrol and the choice of solvents used may lead to varying effects on therapeutic properties. This review presents the current findings and gaps in our understanding on the potential utility of resveratrol and its analogs in periodontal treatment.
Highlights
Advanced periodontitis is the sixth most prevalent health condition in the world [1]
Casati et al found that the test group, which received 10 mg/kg of RES per day systemically administered for 30 days, had significantly less alveolar bone loss and gingival tissue IL-17 levels compared to controls
In contrast to the promising antimicrobial findings demonstrated by the aforementioned studies, a study which utilized a pre-formed 6-day mixed species biofilm model found that treatment with a RES concentration of 0.01% w/v for 30 min did not lead to significant alteration in biofilm species composition [71]
Summary
Advanced periodontitis is the sixth most prevalent health condition in the world [1]. In an in vitro study utilizing human periodontal ligament cells (HPLCs), RES concentrations of up to 22.8 mg/mL led to a significant dose-dependent decrease in P. gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced nitric oxide (NO) production [59] investigated RES treatment of. RES was able to suppress production of pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukins-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in HPLCs. The therapeutic anti-inflammatory effect of RES in vivo has been studied using experimental ligature-induced periodontitis in rats [60,61,62]. Casati et al found that the test group, which received 10 mg/kg of RES per day systemically administered for 30 days, had significantly less alveolar bone loss and gingival tissue IL-17 levels compared to controls This was interpreted to be a positive modulation of the host immunoinflammatory response by RES. Different studies have made use of different solvents for RES, which potentially adds a confounding factor and limits the ability to meaningfully compare results
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