Abstract
The paper presents the results of laboratory-instrumental studies of atmospheric air sampled during the first day after fire suppression in different localization. Carbon oxide, hydrochloride, hydrocyanide, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, and dioxins were determined in the air samples taken. The comparison was made with the hygienic standards established by SanPiN 1.2.3685-21 “Hygienic standards and requirements to ensure safety and (or) harmlessness for humans of environmental factors”. Analysis of the obtained data showed that the concentrations of most of the detected toxic combustion products one day after fire suppression were at a level close to MAC for the working area air, but significantly exceeded MAC established for the atmospheric air of urban and rural settlements. The largest exceedances were obtained at sites such as industrial and residential buildings, which can be explained by the use of a wide range of building materials.
Highlights
Atmospheric air is a mixture of gaseous chemical substances of natural and man-made origin
The comparison was made with the hygienic standards established by SanPiN 1.2.3685-21 “Hygienic standards and requirements to ensure safety and harmlessness for humans of environmental factors”
Analysis of the obtained data showed that the concentrations of most of the detected toxic combustion products one day after fire suppression were at a level close to MAC for the working area air, but significantly exceeded MAC established for the atmospheric air of urban and rural settlements
Summary
Atmospheric air is a mixture of gaseous chemical substances of natural and man-made origin. According to the Methodical Recommendations, in fires in buildings, the reduction of oxygen to 16% occurs within 2-3 minutes, which leads mainly to the formation of incomplete combustion products, among which the leading place is taken by carbon monoxide [14]. In fires in confined spaces (especially in residential and public buildings), the process of destruction is mainly exposed to finishing materials and household items, can emit substances such as, for example, acrolein (its source can be polypropylene, cellulose, acrelane (used for carpets)), hydrocyanic acid, which is a strong poison and is formed by combustion of nylon and polyurethane, as well as resins, acrylonitrile, paper, polyamine rubber, etc. Low-temperature fires with temperatures up to 6000C can be identified as a separate group of fires They are characterized by the release into the air of a complex complex of chemicals, including dioxins and dioxin-like compounds, which are dangerous in any concentration [5, 6]. Formaldehyde, nitrogen dioxide, benzene and toluene are the most dangerous components with the effect of complex or combined action [8]
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