ONCOLOGICAL DISEASES ASSOCIATED WITH ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS IN THE REPUBLIC OF NORTH OSSETIA - ALANIA

Abstract

Abstract. The atmospheric air of the Republic of North Ossetia - Alania is periodically polluted with sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen oxide, benzapyrene, hydrogen chloride, ammonia, lead, cadmium and zinc. Sources of pollution are the metalworking, woodworking industries, forestry and fuel economy, production of building materials. Environmental pollution is the cause of a number of environmentally-related diseases, including malignant neoplasms. The purpose of the study: to study the relationship between air pollution and cancer in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania. To achieve this goal, epidemiological and sanitary-statistical research methods based on data from official documents and reports were used. The results of the study showed that industrial dust, aerosols and vehicle emissions released into the atmospheric air exceed the MPC, which leads to environmental pollution. In 2020, the share of atmospheric air samples exceeding the maximum one-time MPCs on highways and in the residential area was for suspended solids (2.8%), carbon monoxide (1.4%) and nitrogen dioxide (1.4%). The data obtained indicate the deterioration of the environmental situation, where the atmospheric air is a complex mixture of a wide range of carcinogenic and mutagenic substances that promote the growth of malignant neoplasms. In 2020, malignant neoplasms were first detected in 1974 cases, which is 283.2 per 100 thousand of the population, and in 2019 there were 2132 cases - 334.4. The first ranking place is occupied by breast cancer, followed by skin, trachea, bronchi, lung, colon, prostate, body of the uterus, stomach, rectum. Thus, there is a deterioration of the environmental situation due to air pollution and an increase in the level of both general and primary incidence of malignant neoplasms.