Abstract
Lutetium-Yttrium Orthosilicate doped with Cerium (LYSO), as a bright scintillating crystal, is a candidate for calorimetry applications in strong ionising-radiation fields and large high-energy hadron fluences are expected at the CERN Large Hadron Collider after the planned High-Luminosity upgrade. There, proton–proton collisions will produce fast hadron fluences up to ~5×1014cm−2 in the large-rapidity regions of the calorimeters.The performance of LYSO has been investigated, after exposure to different fluences of 24GeVc−1 protons. Measured changes in optical transmission as a function of proton fluence are presented, and the evolution over time due to spontaneous recovery at room temperature is studied.The activation of materials will also be an issue in the described environment. Studies of the ambient dose induced by LYSO and its evolution with time, in comparison with other scintillating crystals, have also been performed through measurements and FLUKA simulations.
Highlights
The planned upgrade to High-Luminosity running of the Large Hadron Collider at CERN (HL-LHC) will impose performance requirements on detectors that are more stringent than those adopted for LHC construction two decades ago
In the regions around these tracks the lattice structure is left strained, disordered, or re-oriented. These damage regions have different optical and mechanical properties compared to the surrounding crystal lattice, and they can act as scatterers for light propagating in the crystal, affecting the light transmission
For all the further characteristics described in Section 2, this study addresses the effect of energetic hadrons on the performance of LYSO scintillating crystals
Summary
The planned upgrade to High-Luminosity running of the Large Hadron Collider at CERN (HL-LHC) will impose performance requirements on detectors that are more stringent than those adopted for LHC construction two decades ago. The second prediction is confirmed by existing proton-damage measurements in BGO [10,11], in Lead Fluoride and in BSO [12], which all contain elements with Z 4 71 All this evidence leads to the guideline that for resistance to damage from energetic hadrons, materials need to consist of elements not exceeding Z1⁄4 71. Dissertori et al / Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 745 (2014) 1–6 commercially available scintillator, is of crucial interest, since it contains Lutetium, that with Z 1⁄471 sits right at the threshold for fission For this reason, and for all the further characteristics described, this study addresses the effect of energetic hadrons on the performance of LYSO scintillating crystals. Its performance when exposed to large fluxes of energetic hadrons, was so far unexplored It is crucial for applications such as calorimetry at the HL-LHC and it is the subject of the study presented
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