Abstract
Magnetized quark nuggets (MQNs) are a recently proposed dark-matter candidate consistent with the Standard Model and with Tatsumi’s theory of quark-nugget cores in magnetars. Previous publications have covered their formation in the early universe, aggregation into a broad mass distribution before they can decay by the weak force, interaction with normal matter through their magnetopause, and a first observation consistent MQNs: a nearly tangential impact limiting their surface-magnetic-field parameter Bo from Tatsumi’s ~1012+/−1 T to 1.65 × 1012 T +/− 21%. The MQN mass distribution and interaction cross section strongly depend on Bo. Their magnetopause is much larger than their geometric dimensions and can cause sufficient energy deposition to form non-meteorite craters, which are reported approximately annually. We report computer simulations of the MQN energy deposition in water-saturated peat, soft sediments, and granite, and report the results from excavating such a crater. Five points of agreement between observations and hydrodynamic simulations of an MQN impact support this second observation being consistent with MQN dark matter and suggest a method for qualifying additional MQN events. The results also redundantly constrain Bo to ≥ 4 × 1011 T.
Highlights
We report results of computer simulations and observations from field work that indicate that at least one non-meteorite impact crater was formed by an impactor with mass density comparable to nuclear density, with mass ~5 kg and with energy deposition of
The introduction will summarize the basic characteristics of Magnetized quark nuggets (MQNs) that were demonstrated in previous papers and place MQNs in the context of current research on nuclearites, which are non-magnetic quark nuggets
This paper investigates the anomaly of non-meteorite craters as a means to test the MQN hypothesis and explore other dark-matter candidates
Summary
We show that these results are consistent with ferromagnetic Magnetized Quark. Nuggets (MQNs), which are a relatively new candidate for dark matter These observations from non-meteorite craters may be consistent with some other dark-matter candidates. Non-meteorite craters are reported in the popular press approximately once per year and they may offer an opportunity to test hypotheses for dark matter. This is the fifth paper on MQNs. For your convenience, the introduction will summarize the basic characteristics of MQNs that were demonstrated in previous papers and place MQNs in the context of current research on nuclearites, which are non-magnetic quark nuggets
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