RESULTS AND OUTLOOKS OF BLACK CURRANTS BREEDING IN THE ALL-RUSSIAN LUPIN SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Abstract

In 1969 A. I. Astakhov began the work for black currants breeding in the All-Russian lupin scientific research institute using its different species and ecotypes. He developed the varieties as Nara, Sevtchanka, Seletchenskaya, Seletchenskaya 2, Perun, Gulliver, Dobrynya, Izyumnaya, Golubitchka, Navlya, Dar Smol’yaninovoy, Litvinovskaya, Partizanka bryanskaya, Solov’inaya notch, Lider, Uslada, Tchara, Sasha, Tsyganotchka. Further breeding lines of different genetic-and-geographical origin, species and selective lines have been used in breeding work. They are more adapted to the conditions of the South-West of the Non-Chernozem zone of Russia. The varieties Yadrenaya, Sokrovitshe, Bredtorp, Titaniya, Seyanec Golubki, Seletchenskaya, Seletchenskaya 2, Izyumnaya, 32–77, 2–4–56, 42–7, 4–1–116, 35–7, 6–28–105, 6–11–11, 744–7–54, 6–10–91, 6–12–127, 6–12–128, 6–11–8, 6–12–124, 6–26–207 have been used as donors and sources of different economic valuable characters. Cycles of crossbreeding and inbreeding have been planned to increase chances of a combination of favorable genes in a genotype and to eliminate recessive ones which decrease adaptivity and productivity. The evaluation of hybrid bank allowed select 21 breeding lines, nine of them became varieties. High indices of economic valuable characters are typical for them. The collection planting of black currants consists of 74 breeding lines developed in the All-Russian lupin scientific research institute and in other scientific institutes, 350 select lines and more than 200 hybrids as a result of different crossing types. There are 40 sources and donors of different economic valuable characters among them. These genotypes are included in the breeding program for development of new high yielded varieties which are also resistant to abiotic and biotic environmental factors. Pedigrees of parental lines have been studied for crossings; it allowed unite genes of different black currants species in a genoplasm, create a system of parental lines-donors in breeding for a complex of economic valuable characters and expand the range of adaptive genetic capabilities of complex donors. Construction of genotypes with preassigned characters and abilities increases creation effectiveness of valuable breeding material.