Restricted double access ionic imprinted polymer for online extraction and determination of copper from milk samples via FIA-FAAS system

Abstract

BackgroundDetermining metals in complex biological samples, such as milk, typically involves dry or wet decomposition. However, these techniques have limitations, including low selectivity, risk of contamination, and the use of large reagent volumes. To solve these problems, solid-phase extraction (SPE) using multifunctional sorbents has been extensively explored. In this context, this work proposed synthesizing a new restricted double access ionic imprinted polymer (RAIIP-BSA), for online SPE and determination of Cu2+ from untreated milk samples via flow injection analysis and flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FIA-FASS). ResultsFirstly, the polymer was obtained by bulk polymerization using Cu2+ as a template, 4-vinyl pyridine as a functional monomer, and glycidyl methacrylate as a hydrophilic comonomer. Subsequently, it was covered with bovine serum albumin, creating the restricted double access barrier. The obtained material could exclude 97 % of the proteins from milk samples. RAIIP-BSA was chemically and physically characterized. The main extraction variables were optimized via multivariate optimization. The method showed good figures of merit, such as linearity ranging from 0.05 to 1.0 mg L−1, LoD and LoQ of 0.03 and 0.05 mg L−1, intra- and interday precision ranging from 0.73 to 4.14 % and 0.16–3.68 %, and an intra- and interday accuracy ranging from 97.0 to 115.0 % and 103.0–119.0 %, respectively. SignificanceThe developed method demonstrates the effective extraction of Cu2+ from untreated milk samples, exhibiting selectivity, high extraction capacity, prolonged sorbent (RAIIP-BSA) durability, simplicity, and swift operation. This method holds promise as an alternative to conventional metal analysis approaches in complex matrices.