Abstract
Nano‐β‐tricalcium phosphate/collagen (n‐β‐TCP/Col) is considered with good osteoconductivity. However, the therapeutic effectiveness of n‐β‐TCP/Col scaffolds in combination with autologous bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) remains to be elucidated for the repair of critical‐sized bone defects. In this study, we found that n‐β‐TCP/Col scaffolds exhibited high biocompatibility in vitro. The introduction of BMSCs expanded in vitro to the scaffolds dramatically enhanced their efficiency to restore critical‐sized bone defects, especially during the initial stage after implantation. Collectively, these results suggest that autologous BMSCs in n‐β‐TCP/Col scaffolds have the potential to be applied in bone tissue engineering.
Highlights
In recent years, a critical-sized bone defect has been defined as an intraosseous wound that will not spontaneously heal completely without surgical intervention [1, 2]
These results further confirmed that n-β-Tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP)/Col scaffolds with an integrated structure can be formed by acid-treated collagen and nanosized β-TCP particles through chemical bonds
The histological observations were confirmed by quantitative analyses of the percentages of newly formed bone and residual scaffolds (Figure 6). These results indicate that incorporation of in vitro expanded autologous bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) into the porous n-β-TCP/Col scaffolds enhances the efficiency of bone regeneration, especially during the initial period after implantation
Summary
A critical-sized bone defect has been defined as an intraosseous wound that will not spontaneously heal completely without surgical intervention [1, 2]. Bone autografting is currently considered to be the “gold standard” for clinical treatment. It is always associated with irregular rates of resorption, pain, and morbidity of the donor site, and it requires additional surgical procedures [3]. Β-Tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) is a bioactive and biodegradable ceramic that has been widely used as a scaffold for bone repair because of its excellent biocompatibility, reabsorbability, and osteoconductive properties [12, 13]. The use of βTCP is limited because of its brittleness and low plasticity [14]. Biocompatible polymers, such as collagen (Col), are regarded as applicable candidates for use in bone regeneration scaffolds. There are a number of practical problems for their use alone, including an uncontrollable degradation rate in vivo and poor mechanical properties compared with those of natural hard tissues [15, 16]
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