Abstract
The liver is an organ of high exposure to circulating antigens, and its environment is populated by innate immune cells that readily respond to invading agents. However, an immune response to infectious agents might trigger an imbalance in the mechanisms of tolerance, leading to a state of oxidative stress, which favors tissue damage and might cause systemic repercussions. It is worth noting that some parasitic diseases such as anaplasmosis, babesiosis, clonorchiasis, heartworm disease, ehrlichiosis, histoplasmosis and platinossomiasis may cause dysregulation in oxidation mechanisms inducing hepatic alterations. In this sense, this review focuses on the cellular mechanisms of liver immune response in homeostasis and progression of hepatic disorders that are associated with immunopathogenesis of some parasitic diseases that affect dogs and cats.
Highlights
The liver is an organ of high exposure to circulating antigens, and its environment is populated by innate immune cells that readily respond to invading agents
An immune response to infectious agents might trigger an imbalance in the mechanisms of tolerance, leading to a state of oxidative stress, which favors tissue damage and might cause systemic repercussions
It is worth noting that some parasitic diseases such as anaplasmosis, babesiosis, clonorchiasis, heartworm disease, ehrlichiosis, histoplasmosis and platinossomiasis may cause dysregulation in oxidation mechanisms inducing hepatic alterations
Summary
Doença crônica transmitida por vetores e causada pelo nematódeo Dirofilaria immitis, foi evidenciado aumento nas concentrações de PCR e diminuição nos níveis de albumina (Carretón et al, 2017; Méndez et al, 2014), achado semelhante foi evidenciado na erliquiose (Karnezi et al, 2016; Rubio et al, 2017) e leishmaniose canina (Almeida et al, 2013; Freitas et al, 2012; Giunchetti et al, 2008; Lopes-Neto et al, 2015). Causada por Babesia canis, também foi vista alteração nos níveis de bilirrubina (Crnogaj et al, 2017), que atua como um antioxidante em interação com a albumina sérica, sendo esse complexo considerado um dos antioxidantes naturais dos fluidos extracelulares (Barreiros et al, 2006). Na leishmaniose canina foi relatada redução do ácido úrico, que corresponde a um substrato antioxidante plasmático (Almeida et al, 2013)
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