Abstract
This study was designed to test the hypothesis that nitrogen (N) addition leads to enhanced soil respiration (SR) in nitrogen deficient marsh. Here, we report the response of SR to simulated N deposition in a temperate marsh of northeastern China from June 2009 to September 2011. The experiment included three-levels of N treatment (control: no N addition, Low-N: 4g N m-2 y-1, and High-N: 8 g N m-2 y-1). Our study showed various responses of SR to level and duration of N addition. Yearly SR was increased by 11.8%-15.2% (P<0.05) under Low-N addition during the three years, while SR showed a strong increase by 27.5% (P<0.05) in the first year and then decreased by 4.4% (P>0.05) and 15.4% (P<0.05) in the next two years under High-N addition. Soil respiration was positively correlated with soil temperature and negatively correlated with soil water content. High-N treatment reduced soil pH value (P<0.05). The negative response of SR to High-N addition in the following two years may attribute to lower microbial activity, microbial biomass and alteration in the microbial community due to lower soil pH, which consequently leads to decreased SR. Meanwhile, we found root biomass were increased under High-N addition. This implies that the increase of autotrophic respiration was lower than the decline of heterotrophic respiration in the following two years. Our findings suggest complex interactions between N deposition and SR, which is needed to be further investigated in the future studies.
Highlights
Human activities such as fossil fuel combustion and fertilizer production have been enhancing the N deposition [1,2]
We find that soil respiration exhibited a strong seasonal pattern, with the highest rates observed during the summer (June-August) and the lowest rates during in the spring and autumn
The negative effect in High-N plots on soil respiration (SR) in the following two years may be attributed to lower microbial activity, lower microbial biomass and the alteration in the microbial community, which inhibited heterotrophic respiration
Summary
Human activities such as fossil fuel combustion and fertilizer production have been enhancing the N deposition [1,2]. It is estimated that 200 Tg N yr-1 will be emitted and deposited to the Earth’s surface by 2050 [3]. In Asia, reactive N deposition increased from 14 Tg N yr-1 in 1961 to 68 Tg N yr -1 in 2000 and is expected to reach 105 Tg N yr-1 in 2030 [4]. This leads to high atmospheric N deposition (NH4+ -N, NO3- -N), causing N saturation to an extent and influencing terrestrial ecosystems by altering the soil N availability.
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