Abstract

AbstractActinomycetes,Bacillus subtilis,andBacillus thuringiensiswere isolated from municipal–solid waste (MSW) compost, and different microbial liquid filtrates (MLF) were prepared. Sterile culture media with no microbes were used as their controls. The effects of MLF on soil nematode communities were examined in pot‐grownFestuca arundinaceaSchreb. Fifteen genera of nematodes in background soil were identified, of whichHelicotylenchusandRotylenchuswere dominant. The inoculation of MLF strongly affected the abundance and community structure of soil nematodes. Compared with their controls, lower total nematode numbers following MLF incorporation were found. Actinomycetes inoculation changed community structure of soil nematodes, transforming the dominant genera fromHelicotylenchusandRotylenchusintoCephalobus, Chiloplacus, andAphelenchus.Actinomycetes incorporation resulted in a significant decrease of plant‐parasitic nematodes relative to control pots. Only plant‐parasitic and omnivorous‐predatory nematodes were found in treatments followingB. subtilisinoculation, andHelicotylenchus, Rotylenchuswere dominant genera with relative abundance of 76.2% and 14.3%, respectively. Although the dominant genera were stillHelicotylenchusandRotylenchus, B. thuringiensisinoculation led to a marked decrease in populations of plant‐parasitic nematodes and an increase in populations of fungivorous and bacterivorous nematodes relative to control. Shannon's diversity index (H′), evenness index (J′), richness index (SR), and Wasilewska index (WI) in pots treated with actinomycetes andB. thuringiensisfiltrates were significantly higher than those of their controls, whereas significant lower dominance index (λ) in actinomycetes andB. thuringiensistreatments was observed than their controls. Plant growth was improved in the treatments inoculated with three microbes. The findings highlight that actinomycetes can most effectively suppress plant‐parasitic nematodes, increase community diversity, evenness, and richness, thus improving soil environment for turf growth.

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