Abstract
Nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum) plant is a highly potential raw material in the biodiesel production, the oil in the seeds is 50-73 %. The microwave has been intensively applied to reduce the processing time while ionic liquid also was used as an acceleration agent in the biodiesel production. The optimum process condition of the biodiesel production using Ionic liquid + NaOH as a catalyst mixture and assisted with microwave heating system were determined in this study. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to optimize three transesterification reaction variables: the catalyst concentration of (0.5-1.5 %wt), the reaction temperature of 60-80 °C, and methanol to oil molar ratio of 6:1–12:1, while the transesterification time was set constant at 6 minutes. The optimization showed that the maximum biodiesel yield can be obtained was 95.8 % at the catalyst concentration of 1.2 %wt, the reaction temperature of 71.3 °C, and methanol to oil molar ratio of 10.8 mole/mole.
Highlights
Biodiesel production has attracted numerous attentions due to its potential to substitute and to minimize the severe issues of fossil fuel
The microwave has been intensively applied to reduce the processing time while ionic liquid was used as an acceleration agent in the biodiesel production
Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to optimize three transesterification reaction variables: the catalyst concentration of (0.5-1.5 %wt), the reaction temperature of 60-80 °C, and methanol to oil molar ratio of 6:1–12:1, while the transesterification time was set constant at 6 minutes
Summary
Biodiesel production has attracted numerous attentions due to its potential to substitute and to minimize the severe issues of fossil fuel. Crude Nyamplung oil contains gums and free fatty acids up to 12.9 %. Oils or fats are reacted with alcohol (transesterification reaction) to produce fatty acid alkyl esters (biodiesel). The production of biodiesel from oil uses acid, base or biological catalysts to enhance the reaction. The base catalyst can take place at a low temperature and the reaction time relatively faster than acid and biological catalyst. The base catalyst has a drawback such as it can cause the saponification due to high content of free fatty acid in the oil [3]. The use of homogeneous catalyst still produces low biodiesel yield and require a longer processing time. Another approach is required to reduce the time and increase the yield. One method is by using ionic liquids as catalyst and external power to accelerate the reaction
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