Response of Wheat Cultivars to Combinations of Chemical, Bio and Nano Fertilizers and their Effect on Vegetative Growth Traits

Abstract

Wheat cultivar response to chemical, bio, and nano fertilizer combinations and their effect on vegetative growth traits were investigated in a field experiment with three replicates arranged in a split-plot in The Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) at Al-Qasim Green University during the 2022-2023 growing season. The main plots consisted of three different types of wheat, while the sub plots tested various fertilizer mixes. Wheat cultivars and fertilizer combinations both had a substantial effect on the attributes we measured, and there was also a significant interaction between the two, as shown in the analysis of variance table. The averages of wheat cultivars show that IPA 99 is superior to the other two cultivars by providing the tallest plants by an average of 104.21 cm, while Bohuth 22 provides the shortest times to 100% flowering (108.66 days) and physiological maturity (146.14 days). Baghdad variety yielded the highest mean The trait states that the flag leaf area is 42.94 cm2, the leaf chlorophyll concentration is 49.51 Spad, and there are 449.52 tillers per square meter. The average fertilizer combinations showed that plant height was best at 98.96 cm, flag leaf area at 44.47 cm2, leaf chlorophyll content at 50.08 Spad, and tiller density at 417.56 tillers m-2 with the fertilizer combination of 50% compound fertilizer + 50% bio-fertilizer + 50% nano-fertilizer. However, the optimal results were achieved using the specified fertilizer compound with nano fertilizer, which required only 109.88 days to achieve 100% blooming and 147.33 days to reach physiological maturity. With a mean flag leaf area of 47.73 cm2, the Baghdad cultivar emerged victorious in the study of cultivar by fertilizer combination interactions. When using a fertilizer mixture of 50% compound fertilizer, 50% bio-fertilizer, and 50% nano-fertilizer, the chlorophyll content of the leaves was 53.76 spad and the number of tillers was 470.67 strands m-2.