Response of soil enzymes to Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate (LAS) addition in soil microcosms

Abstract

Soil enzymatic activities (phosphatases, arylsulphatase and dehydrogenase) were measured in microcosm systems designed for the study of the impact of a commercial mixture of Linear Alkylbenzene Sulphonate (LAS) homologues on a xerofluvent agricultural soil. The soil microcosms consisted of glass columns filled with 800 g of dry soil which were fed with sterile commercial LAS solutions at concentrations of 10 or 50 mg l −1 for periods of time up to 21 days. A soil microcosm fed with sterile distilled water was included in this study and considered as control. Our results showed that the continuous application of the anionic surfactant to soil increased the values of the enzymes acid and alkaline phosphatases and arylsulphatase. On the contrary, the dehydrogenase activity was decreased by the continuous application of 10 or 50 mg l −1 LAS when compared with control microcosms. In addition, a statistically negative correlation was found between this enzymatic activity in the upper portion of the soil columns amended with LAS and the viable counts of heterotrophic aerobic microorganisms. Moreover, in order to test the influence of LAS on nutrient availability and, consequently, on bacteria populations and soil biological activities, phosphate concentration was regularly determined in the microcosm leachates. The phosphate concentration tested in the leachate of the microcosm continuously amended with 50 mg l −1 LAS solution was significantly lower than the concentrations detected in the leachate of the microcosms continuously amended with 10 mg l −1 LAS throughout the experiment.