Abstract
Resources of water are limited in many agricultural areas of West Asia. Therefore, effective use of this scarce resource is very important in this region. So, this research was conducted in 2009-2010 growing season at Research Farm of Agricultural Researches Center of Khuzestan, Iran, to investigate the effects of two irrigation regime (I 1 : normal irrigation and I 2 : no irrigation in post-anthesis growth stage) on grain yield of five wheat cultivars (‘Chamran’, ‘S-78-11’, ‘A’and ‘S-82-10’). A split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design in three replications was used, with the irrigation regime in main plots and wheat cultivars in subplots. The results showed that 1000-grain weight, grains per spikelet and grain yield were decreased by water limitation. Despite of their significant differences (P<0.05) in 1000-grain weight, spikelets per spike and grains per spike, the grain yield of wheat cultivars was not significantly different. It was resulted by different grain yield reduction of genotypes under different irrigation regimes. Genotypes ‘S-80-18’ and ‘S-7811’ produced highest yield under normal irrigation and drought stress conditions, respectively. The yield reduction of ‘S-80-18’ genotype was highest under drought stress conditions. ‘S-78-11’ was the most tolerant genotype to water deficit occurrence.
Highlights
Water limitation, especially after anthesis, is a major abiotic stress which severely affects wheat production in most part of central Asia and the Middle-East including Iran
Drought stress may occur throughout the growing season, early or late season, but its effect on yield reduction is high when it occurs after anthesis (Nouri-Ganbalani et al, 2009)
Drought stress after anthesis usually result in smaller grain size ( Jamieson et al, 1995) both from direct effects on the grain and because of accelerated flag leaf senescence (Hafsi et al, 2000)
Summary
Especially after anthesis, is a major abiotic stress which severely affects wheat production in most part of central Asia and the Middle-East including Iran. Drought stress after anthesis usually result in smaller grain size ( Jamieson et al, 1995) both from direct effects on the grain and because of accelerated flag leaf senescence (Hafsi et al, 2000) Morphological characters such as root length, spike number per m2, grain number per spike, 1000-gain weight, awn length (Moustafa et al, 1996; Boyer, 1996; Plaut et al., 2004; Blum, 2005), physiological traits such as rate of root respiration (Liu et al, 2004) and phonological characters such as number of days to heading, anthesis and maturity (Austin, 1987) affect wheat tolerance to the moisture shortage in the soil. The present study was aimed screening out drought tolerant varieties of wheat, which can adapt to the drought conditions in Iran, in the southwest region
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