Response of Black Gram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) to Rhizobium, Phosphorus and Nitrogen for Sustainable Agriculture: A Mini Review

Abstract

Rhizobium microbial bacteria functioning that living a symbiosis relationship soil and leguminous plant root fixation of nitrogen to be utilized by plant superior performance during grain development stage. They can enter into symbiosis with leguminous plant, by infecting their root nodules. The legume crops are the bigger partner, often referred to as macro-symbiotic. Usually certain strains form nodule on the limited legume plants. Such a collection of strain is called cross inoculation group. Legume crops show a decrease in the nitrogenase activities observed in soil, the higher doses of nitrogen reduce nitrogen fixation on one hand and increase cost of production on the other. Rhizobium inoculation encourage both nutrient such as Mo and Fe nutrient increasing N-fixation capacity in soil with the effective agronomic practice directly plant root nodulation, nitrogen fixation, vegetative germination, maturity and yield of black gram. It is use of Rhizobium and phosphate solubilising bacteria (PSB) increases nitrogen and phosphorus uptake use efficiency from soil. Lesser efficiency of PSB has been showing through Co-inoculation with another profitable bacteria mycorrhiza. The main used of rhizobia, PSB and improvement of soil fertility and increased of yield of black gram and decrease the use of balance fertilizer.