Abstract
The water-temperature regime features in the Central Chernozem region in 2020 were reviewed. The main deviations from the mean perennial values of air temperature and humidity, as well as the precipitation distribution in spring and summer were determined. It was revealed that the distinctive feature of the entire 2020 growing season was significant instability of weather conditions - dry periods with high air temperatures were followed by wet and cool periods. In addition, a high amplitude of the daily air temperature difference was noted, which was significantly exceeding the average perennial values. The phenotypic, biological and physiological responses of black currant plants to anomalies of the water-temperature regime were studied; in particular, monitoring of photosynthetic activity dynamics of black currant plants revealed differences in response depth to damaging effects of adverse weather, depending on the variety and age of the plants. It was found that in black currant plants older than 5 years, the reaction to temperature anomalies is weaker than in three-year-oldās. The reaction depth of phenological, biological and economic characteristics to the effect of water-temperature abnormalities firstly depends on the varietyās genotypic features.
Highlights
There is no doubt that the cultivation territory's climatic conditions of any garden crop are one of the decisive factors that determine the completeness of the plant organism's biological potential realization [1,2,3,4]
Already in March, abnormally high average daily air temperatures were observed (6-13Ā° C above the average perennial values) and medium and low air humidity, with maximum temperatures reaching values of +14.6... +17.6Ā°C since March 8 and the average monthly air temperature exceeded the perennial average by 10.3Ā° C with total precipitation more than 50% lower than perennial averages (Fig. 1, 2)
Comparative analysis of photosystem response depending on plant age showed that younger plants of both varieties respond more strongly to the effects of weather anomalies, dynamic peaks of the Fv/Fm indicator is somewhat more pronounced especially in Karmelita variety, while the average varietal indicators of older plants are higher than those of younger ones
Summary
There is no doubt that the cultivation territory's climatic conditions of any garden crop are one of the decisive factors that determine the completeness of the plant organism's biological potential realization [1,2,3,4]. The analysis of temperature and precipitation over the last 90 years based on the data of Michurinsk agro-weather station allowed to reliably establish that the water-temperature regime in the middle horticulture zone has undergone significant changes, the main is the destabilization of both the temperature and water regime and regularly repeated alternation of periods with extreme values of meteorological indicators [5,6,7]. New varieties are resistant to many climatic changes in recent decades, but even these plants often fail to realize their full biological potential due to negative impacts of meteorological anomalies
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