Abstract
Uncertain climate change impacts the difficulty of predicting the intensity of floods that hit rice fields in flood-prone areas, both the duration of the submerged plants and the height of the water surface. In order to evaluate the tolerance level and response of several local rice genotypes to submersion stress in the vegetative phase, 50 rice genotypes were screened (47 North Sumatran local varieties, 3 VUB), using special ponds to simulate flooding or inundation stress. The study used a separate plot design with three replications; the main plot was three immersion models, namely full immersion, partial soaking, and not soaking, and subplots of 50 rice genotypes. The immersion treatment was defined as a different growing environment. The results showed that in the fully submerged treatment, the recovery capacity of local rice plants only ranged from 0-20%. The new, improved varieties tested were Inpari 4 (susceptible), Inpari 3, 10, Ciherang, Inpara 2 (very susceptible), Inpari 30, FR13A (very tolerant). Submersion tolerant genotypes had a slight increase in plant height after being fully submerged. The chlorophyll content in the leaves decreased immediately after the soaking stress period (14 DAP) in all rice genotypes. The local rice genotypes tested were very susceptible to immersion; the new superior variety Inpari 4 was categorized as susceptible, while Inpari 30 and FR13A were very tolerant.
Highlights
Uncertain climate change impacts the difficulty of predicting the intensity of floods that hit rice fields in flood-prone areas, both the duration of the submerged plants and the height of the water surface
Berat kering per tanaman (g) Berat kering tanaman setelah periode cekaman rendaman lebih dipengaruhi oleh varietas padi
Berat kering per tanaman (g) setelah periode pemulihan beberapa genotip padi lokal pada tiga perlakuan cekaman terendam
Summary
Perubahan iklim global yang tidak menentu berdampak terhadap sulitnya memprediksi intensitas banjir yang melanda pertanaman padi di lahan rawan banjir, baik itu durasi terendamnya tanaman maupun ketinggian permukaan airnya. Curah hujan yang tinggi dapat menyebabkan banjir pada areal pemukiman dan persawahan sehingga merusak padi dan pada akhirnya terjadi kegagalan panen. Banjir yang mengakibatkan cekaman terhadap tanaman padi di wilayah Asia Selatan dan Tenggara diperkirakan mencapai 15 juta hektar setiap tahunnya (Septiningsih dkk., 2009). Di Indonesia potensi areal persawahan yang terkena cekaman banjir cukup luas sekitar 13,3 juta ha terdiri atas 4,2 juta ha genangan dangkal, 6,1 juta ha genangan sedang, dan 3,0 juta ha genangan dalam (Nugroho dkk., 1993). ISBN: 978-602-6697-91-2 akibat pemanasan global akan mengakibatkan semakin bertambahnya luas areal persawahan yang mengalami cekaman genangan (CGIAR, 2006). Guna mengantisipasi kendala iklim tersebut, pemulia terdorong untuk mengembangkan padi yang toleran terhadap cekaman abiotik, seperti kekeringan, salinitas tinggi, maupun genangan atau banjir. Melalui penelitian ini diharapkan dapat diperoleh genotip padi lokal yang toleran terhadap rendaman
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