Abstract
Abstract Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an RNA virus that belongs to the Pneumovirus genus of the Paramyxoviridae family. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthetase (iNOS), CD3 (pan T cells), and CD8 (cytotoxic T cells) in lamb lungs naturally infected with RSV using immunohistochemistry (IHC). For this purpose, 100 pneumonic and 10 control lung tissue samples were taken from lambs slaughtered in the slaughterhouse after macroscopic examination. The streptavidin– peroxidase method (ABC) was used for IHC staining, and it revealed RSV positivity in 18 of 100 examined lungs with pneumonia (18%). These positive cases were then immunostained for iNOS, CD3, and CD8, and compared to controls. In all these cases, an increase in iNOS expression (100%) was detected, the higher number of CD3+ T lymphocytes was detected in 14 (78%) cases while CD8+ T lymphocytes were detected in five (28%) cases, only. Given the increase of iNOS immunoexpression in all RSV-positive cases and increase in the number of CD3+ T lymphocytes in most cases, it was concluded that iNOS and CD3+ T lymphocytes play an important role in the immune response in lamb pneumonia with naturally occurring RSV infection. With this study, the role of the mentioned markers was evaluated for the first time in lambs naturally infected with RSV.
Highlights
Respiratory diseases in sheep cause major economic losses in the sheep industry in many countries [1]
It has been experimentally demonstrated that macrophages, neutrophils, and helper and cytotoxic T lymphocyte cells are involved in the immune response in newborn lambs infected with the human Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) strain [7]
Experimental RSV infection studies have been performed in many animal species [27,28,29,30]
Summary
Respiratory diseases in sheep cause major economic losses in the sheep industry in many countries [1]. Yaman and Aydemir: Respiratory syncytial virus infection induces expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, CD3, and CD8 in naturally occurring pneumonia in lambs. It has been emphasized that an adaptive immune response should be developed for control and clearance of RSV infections [6]. It has been experimentally demonstrated that macrophages, neutrophils, and helper and cytotoxic T lymphocyte cells are involved in the immune response in newborn lambs infected with the human RSV strain [7]. Bovine RSV-infected calves show increased CD8 T lymphocyte infiltration in the lungs, trachea, and nasopharynx [8]. CD8 T cells have been reported to mediate the elimination of primary RSV infection [9]
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