Respiratory syncytial virus F and G protein core fragments fused to HBsAg-binding protein (SBP) induce a Th1-dominant immune response without vaccine-enhanced disease.

Abstract

The induction of a dominant Th2-type response is the main cause of harmful inflammation in respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine trials. A balanced Th1 versus Th2 immune response is needed for a safe and effective RSV vaccine. In this study, we evaluated the potential of a recombinant protein SBP-FG as a vaccine candidate with the main focus on shifting the harmful Th2 response to a Th1 response. SBP-FG consists of epitopes from RSV fusion (F) and attachment (G) proteins conjugated to the N-terminus of HBsAg-binding protein (SBP). SBP-FG induced significantly stronger immune responses assessed at the level of total IgG, IgA and neutralizing antibodies as compared with formalin-inactivated RSV (FI-RSV) and live RSV. Analysis of IgG isotypes, lung cytokines and T helper cells showed that SBP-FG induced a dominant Th1-type response. Further, SBP-FG immunized mice showed significantly reduced lung eosinophilia, reduced viral multiplication in lungs after challenge infection and provided protection against RSV infection. These results suggest that SBP-FG can be developed into a safe and effective vaccine against RSV. However, more studies are required to further evaluate SBP-FG as a potent vaccine candidate against RSV.