Abstract
BackgroundMSCs isolated from bone marrow (BM-MSCs) have well-established chondrogenic potential, but MSCs derived from the synovial membrane (SM-MSCs) and synovial fluid (SF-MSCs) are thought to possess superior chondrogenicity. This study aimed to compare the in vitro immunophenotype and trilineage and chondrogenic potential of BM-MSCs to SM-MSCs and SF-MSCs.MethodsMSCs were isolated from bone marrow (BM-MSCs), synovial membrane (SM-MSCs), and synovial fluid (SF-MSCs) extracted from the hips (BM) and knees (SM and SF) of advanced OA patients undergoing arthroplasty. Flow cytometric analysis was used at P2 to evaluate cell stemness. The trilinear differentiation test was performed at P2. At P3, MSC-seeded collagen sponges were cultured in chondrogenic medium for 28 days. Chondrogenic gene expression was quantified by qRT-PCR. Finally, the implants were stained to assess the deposition of proteoglycans and type II collagen.ResultsDespite variability, the immunophenotyping of BM-MSCs, SM-MSCs, and SF-MSCs was quite similar. All cell types were positive for the expression of stem cell markers and negative for exclusion markers. Additionally, chondrogenic differentiation and hypertrophy were more pronounced in BM-MSCs (ACAN, SOX9, COL2B, and COL10A) than in SF-MSCs, with SM-MSCs having intermediate characteristics. Concerning matrix synthesis, the three cell types were equipotent in terms of GAG content, while BM-MSC ECM synthesis of type II collagen was superior.ConclusionsChondrogenic MSCs are easily collected from SM and SF in advanced human OA, but in vitro chondrogenesis that is superior to age-matched BM-MSCs should not be expected. However, due to intra-articular priming, SF-MSCs did not overexpress hypertrophic gene.
Highlights
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) isolated from bone marrow (BM-MSCs) have well-established chondrogenic potential, but MSCs derived from the synovial membrane (SM-MSCs) and synovial fluid (SF-MSCs) are thought to possess superior chondrogenicity
Chondrogenic MSCs are collected from Synovial membrane (SM) and Synovial fluid (SF) in advanced human OA, but in vitro chondrogenesis that is superior to age-matched BM-MSCs should not be expected
Isolation and expansion of MSCs derived from human bone marrow, synovial membrane, and synovial fluid MSCs were isolated from human bone marrow following total hip (BM-MSCs) or knee arthroplasty (SM- and SFMSCs), both for advanced osteoarthritis (OA), after informed consent and with the approval of our local ethics committee
Summary
MSCs isolated from bone marrow (BM-MSCs) have well-established chondrogenic potential, but MSCs derived from the synovial membrane (SM-MSCs) and synovial fluid (SF-MSCs) are thought to possess superior chondrogenicity. In 1994, autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) was introduced in the clinic as a cell therapy for cartilage defects [1, 2]. Other cell therapy and tissue engineering techniques have emerged, but most used chondrocytes, which are unique, specialized resident cartilage cells [3, 4]. Multipotent stromal cells are heterogeneous and contain several populations, including stem cells. The term MSCs should be used for multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells rather than mesenchymal stem cells, since the cells isolated do not contain a pure population of stem cells. Concerning cartilage engineering, some adult MSCs have been promoted, such as cartilage, bone marrow (BM), fat, or periosteal mesenchymal stem cells
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