Abstract
Simple SummaryThis is the first study to demonstrate the establishment and subsequent analysis of attributes, including the chondrogenic capacity of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from bone marrow (BM) and synovial fluid (SF) from the same donor Camelus dromedarius. MSCs of SF origin were notably more efficient in their chondrogenic capacity and represent a potential source for camel regenerative medicine addressing chondrocyte-related problems.Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are promising multipotent cells with applications for cartilage tissue regeneration in stem cell-based therapies. In cartilage regeneration, both bone marrow (BM-MSCs) and synovial fluid (SF-MSCs) are valuable sources. However, the cellular characteristics and chondrocyte differentiation potential were not reported in either of the camel stem cells. The in vitro chondrocyte differentiation competence of MSCs, from (BM and SF) sources of the same Camelus dromedaries (camel) donor, was determined. Both MSCs were evaluated on pluripotent markers and proliferation capacity. After passage three, both MSCs showed fibroblast-like morphology. The proliferation capacity was significantly increased in SF-MSCs compared to BM-MSCs. Furthermore, SF-MSCs showed an enhanced expression of transcription factors than BM-MSCs. SF-MSCs exhibited lower differentiation potential toward adipocytes than BM-MSCs. However, the osteoblast differentiation potential was similar in MSCs from both sources. Chondrogenic pellets obtained from SF-MSCs revealed higher levels of chondrocyte-specific markers than those from BM-MSCs. Additionally, glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content was elevated in SF-MSCs related to BM-MSCs. This is, to our knowledge, the first study to establish BM-MSCs and SF-MSCs from the same donor and to demonstrate in vitro differentiation potential into chondrocytes in camels.
Highlights
Cartilage damage to joint surfaces can result in osteoarthritis (OA), a condition where the bone under the articular cartilage is exposed and the synovial membrane around the joint is inflamed [1]
Showed that Bone marrow (BM)-Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and Synovial fluid (SF)-MSCs were positive for the mesenchymal stem cell markers (CD 29, CD73, and CD105) and were negative for the hematopoietic stem cell markers (CD34 and CD45) (Figure 1b)
We observed a significantly increased proportion of S phase and diminished G0/G1 phase in SF- compared to BM-derived MSCs (Figure 2b)
Summary
Cartilage damage to joint surfaces can result in osteoarthritis (OA), a condition where the bone under the articular cartilage is exposed and the synovial membrane around the joint is inflamed [1]. When cartilage is damaged due to inflammation or trauma, it cannot buffer between the bone, causing severe pain and deformation of the articular cartilage. Since cartilage has no distribution of blood vessels and nerves, it is difficult to regenerate once damaged [4]. To treat damaged cartilage tissue, drugs (steroids and painkiller), chondroprotective agents (hyaluronic acid and glucosamine), and surgical approaches are used [5]. Limited effects of non-specific alleviation of pain and inflammatory reactions are expected in drug treatment and chondroprotective agents only play a role in supplying nutrients to chondrocytes [1,6]. Microfracture and autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) have been performed as clinical surgical methods based on cell therapy [7]
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