Resource-saving technologies of cultivation of ear crops in the Central Chernozem region

Abstract

Research focused on the search for the most eff ective resource-saving agrotechnologies allows us to objectively, comprehensively and reasonably determine the feasibility of reducing the need for material resources (their optimization) in the cultivation of crops based on the analysis of various factors involved in the formation of the crop, to develop and test eff ective resource-saving schemes without compromising quantitative and qualitative indicators. The purpose of the research was to study the use of resource-saving technologies for the cultivation of ear crops in the Central Chernozem region. In the work for the conditions of the Central Chernozem region the most appropriate combinations of precursors, systems and methods of basic tillage were determined, contributing to the optimization of resource consumption in the cultivation of winter wheat (combined tillage system with shallow tillage-free tillage after sideral crops or grasses), in the cultivation of spring barley (combined tillage system with surface main tillage by rowed predecessors or with zero processing after buckwheat). It was found that under the conditions of the Central Chernozem region, winter wheat yield indicators were associated fi rst of all, with changes in the content of mobile forms of potassium in the soil by 75 % or more (correlation coeffi cient was 0,9); in the second, alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen, as well as acidity of soil (correlation coeffi cient was 0,5–0,6); in the third, the content of mobile forms of phosphorus and humus (correlation coeffi cient was 0,3–0,4). Based on the revealed features of the variability of the main indicators of the fertility of chernozem typical in technologies of various intensity levels, scientifi cally based solutions have been developed that contribute to improving the efficiency of resource-saving techniques in applied agricultural technologies.