The influence of agrotechnologies and methods of basic tillage on the agrophysical properties of typicalchernozem in the Central Chernozem region

Abstract

Relevance. The agrophysical properties of the soil form the basis for the development of field crops, their study makes possible developing scientifically proven agricultural technologies in the face of changing climatic conditions. The purpose of the research is to study the influence of agrotechnologies and methods of basic tillage on the structural and aggregate state and reserves of productive moisture in the typicalchernozem for the cultivation of spring barley in the grain-fallow-row crop rotation of the Central Chernozem region.Methods. The work was carried out in 2021 in the long-term scientific and production experiment (Kursk region). The soil of the experimental site is typical medium loamy chernozem. The scheme of the experiment included two types of agricultural technologies and four methods of tillage.Results. The paper shows that in the variant with zero treatment, the content of soil moisture, as well as spring reserves of productive moisture, prevailed over dump, nondump and surface tillage. It was found that in the arid conditions of 2021, the structural and aggregate state of chernozem soils differed during one growing season of barley, depending on the method of basic tillage and agricultural technologies in general. The highest content of agronomically valuable aggregates was noted during the sowing of barley in variants with dump (80.1%) and non-dump (85.4%) tillage with the basic technology of barley cultivation. In the spring period, the amount of water-bearing aggregates was higher with non-dump tillage (51.1%) and No-till (42.4%), their number decreased before harvesting barley, but remained higher with non-dump tillage (50.2 %). The intensive technology of spring barley cultivation, including siderate steam and a higher dose of mineral fertilizers, was inferior to the options with the basic technology. The structural coefficient varied during the growing season of barley and was higher when using dump and non-dump tillage with the basic technology.