Abstract
This paper is devoted to illustrating the differences between resonances and surface waves when both of these phenomena are pictured in the complex angular-momentum plane. After some critical remarks concerning the trajectories connecting several resonances, we discuss in detail the mechanism which produces the surface waves. Using the geometrical theory of diffraction, we develop our model starting from the eikonal and transport equations. Particular attention is devoted to the role played by the caustics. The formulae for large-angle differential cross-sections relative to a completely opaque sphere, and also for an opaque sphere surrounded by a nearly transparent edge, are derived. Finally this surface wave model is discussed in the light of phenomenological examples of angular distributions in α-nuclei and heavy-ion elastic scattering.
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