Abstract
Significant contribution of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to the development and progression of cerebrovascular disease (CVD) has been confirmed over the past few decades. The aim of this article is to present the results of many years of research, summarizing generally resolved problems in CVD and T2DM comorbidity, as well as raising several issues that still need to be clarified.
 Materials and methods. The assessment results of 824 patients with CVD were selected from a large body of data for inclusion in the analysis. Ischaemic stroke was analysed in 250 patients: 128 patients with T2DM (aged 63 [54; 74] years) and 122 patients without T2DM (62 [52; 71] years). The group with chronic CVD consisted of 574 people: 300 patients with T2DM (62 [56; 69] years) and 274 patients without T2DM (63 [57; 68] years). The results of surgery for carotid artery stenosis were evaluated in 170 patients, including 72 patients with T2DM. The control group consisted of 86 persons without CVD (60 [54; 63] years). A wide range of clinical, laboratory and imaging assessments included physical and neurological examinations, neuropsychological tests, blood chemistry, haemorheological and haemostasis tests, as well as neuroimaging studies.
 Results. T2DM has a significant effect on neurological, neuropsychological, cognitive and functional impairments, as well as on the outcome of acute and chronic CVD, progression of intracranial atherosclerotic lesions, and changes in cerebral and vascular tissue. The impact of the quality of glycaemic control and duration of chronic hyperglycaemia on neurocognitive and structural brain changes has not been completely determined yet. The role of non-glycaemic changes, including influence of several mediators on the vascular and neurodegenerative mechanisms of cerebral tissue damage, warrants further study.
 Conclusion. The obtained results identify a wide range of unanswered questions and emphasize the need for both possible changes to several clinical algorithms and for ongoing in-depth studies of CVD associated with T2DM.
Highlights
Significant contribution of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to the development and progression of cerebrovascular disease (CVD) has been confirmed over the past few decades
The aim of this article is to present the results of many years of research, summarizing generally resolved problems in CVD and T2DM comorbidity, as well as raising several issues that still need to be clarified
The assessment results of 824 patients with CVD were selected from a large body of data for inclusion in the analysis
Summary
За последние десятилетия подтверждён значительный вклад сахарного диабета 2-го типа (СД2) в развитие и прогрессирование цереброваскулярной патологии (ЦВП). Цель работы — представить результаты многолетних исследований, характеризующие в целом решённые вопросы коморбидности ЦВП и СД2, и поставить ряд вопросов, которые предстоит ещё уточнить. Из большого массива данных были отобраны для включения в анализ результаты обследования 824 пациентов с ЦВП. СД2 оказывает значимое влияние на неврологические, нейропсихологические, когнитивные и функциональные нарушения, а также на исход острых и хронических ЦВП, прогрессирование атеросклеротического поражения церебральных сосудов, изменений вещества мозга и крови. В настоящее время не решены вопросы качества гликемического контроля, длительности хронической гипергликемии в реализации нейрокогнитивных и структурных изменений головного мозга. Полученные результаты определяют широкий круг нерешённых вопросов и подчёркивают необходимость как возможных изменений ряда клинических алгоритмов, так и продолжения углублённых исследований проблемы ЦВП, ассоциированной с СД2. Авторы заявляют об отсутствии внешних источников финансирования при проведении исследования. Анналы клинической и экспериментальной неврологии. 2021; 15(3): 5–14
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