Resolução de Conflitos em Bacias Compartilhadas: Análise da Ferramenta Construção de Consenso do Global Water Partnership (GWP) Aplicada à Bacia do Rio Poti

Abstract

Water is not restricted to territorial boundaries and is a potential source of conflict in basins shared by different states or countries. The Global Water Partnership (GWP) suggests fifty tools for resolving water resourcesrelated conflicts from an integrated perspective. This article intends to apply the tools suggested by GWP to a shared basin in the Semiarid area of Brazil - the Poti River Basin - shared by the states of Ceara and Piaui. The source of potential conflict is the construction of reservoirs in the basin, one in Piaui State and three in Ceara. Anticipating the conflict, the National Water Agency (ANA) brokered an agreement between the two states at the end of 2006. The Regulatory Framework (Resolution ANA / SRH-CE / SEMAR-PI No. 547/2006) established that all the reservoirs could be built, but with capacities smaller than originally projected. After more than five years of the Regulatory Framework and for various reasons, the reservoirs are still in the design phase. Thus, the issues that led to the Regulatory Framework often recur, especially in the state of Piaui: was it really necessary to halve the Castelo do Piaui reservoir capacity, since it is downstream from Ceara, and since there is no large reservoir in the Piaui portion of the basin, often ravaged by droughts? And during floods, would not this reservoir, if properly operated, mitigate the impacts of these phenomena downstream? This article shows the feasibility of the GWP methodology and further analyzes the issues involved in Poti River Basin using distinct criteria, providing more technical information for conflict solution. Therefore, five hydrological scenarios were