Abstract
Complexation copper with amine provides an effective strategy for fixation copper in wood, while hydrophobic modification improves the dimensional stability of wood. Thus, a combination of complexation and hydrophobization is expected to enhance the efficiency of copper-based biocides. In this study, hydrophobic hybrid silica gel containing copper amine complexes (MACu) was prepared through an in situ sol-gel process in wood using methyltriethoxysilane (MTES), 3-amino-propyltriethoxysilane (APTES), and copper chloride. The resistance to growth of molds for MACu modified wood (Populus tomentosa) was measured according to ASTM D3273-16. A leaching resistance test was carried out in accordance with AWPA E11-16. The results showed that only Aspergillus niger covered the surface of untreated wood blocks and no mold grew on the MACu surface even after the leaching test. MACu xerogel and MACu wood were further characterized by SEM-EDS, FTIR, and XPS. A possible schematic diagram of the reaction mechanism was proposed to explain the high-efficiency anti-mold performance of MACu wood.
Highlights
The primary components of wood are cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, while the secondary components are complicated, including nutrients, kinds of extractives and natural oils, etc., which depends on the wood species
Copper is an effective constituent of fungicide for wood preservatives, such as chromated copper arsenate (CCA), alkaline copper quaternary (ACQ), copper azole (CA), etc., since it could denature the proteins and enzymes through its affinity for thiol groups in the fungal cell and inhibit the respiration by interference with the activity of conversion of pyruvate to acetyl coenzyme A [2]
It was confirmed by the FTIR spectra that wood characteristic peaks became less intense, while C–O–C stretching vibration in cellulose and hemicellulose in the finger-print region of wood increased in intensity slightly, because the latter was overlapped with Si–O–Si stretching absorption
Summary
The primary components of wood are cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, while the secondary components are complicated, including nutrients (such as starch and protein), kinds of extractives and natural oils, etc., which depends on the wood species. Copper is an effective constituent of fungicide for wood preservatives, such as chromated copper arsenate (CCA), alkaline copper quaternary (ACQ), copper azole (CA), etc., since it could denature the proteins and enzymes through its affinity for thiol groups in the fungal cell and inhibit the respiration by interference with the activity of conversion of pyruvate to acetyl coenzyme A [2]. CCA has been banned in Europe and North America due to its high toxicity to humans and the environment [5]. Another effective strategy for fixation copper ion is complexation where the copper fungicide activity was not significantly reduced.
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