Resistance of Commercial Bed Covers against Faecal Pellets of House Dust Mites: Behaviour of Seams and Zippers

Dirk Höfer,Nadja Berner-Dannenmann,Christoph Marquardt,Timo Hammer

doi:10.4236/jtst.2019.52003

Abstract

This study evaluated the allergen impermeability against airborne allergens of dust mite droppings through all parts of commercial bed covers, including surface seams and zippers. Specimens were taken from places with and without seams and zipper. A novel penetration cell was developed to expose the specimens to an inoculum of purified mite droppings that was assessed for its allergen content Der p1 prior to the penetration tests. Using covers of different construction and material, the penetration level increased significantly in the presence of seams and zippers and could reach up to 6% depending on the seam’s/zipper’s characteristics and quality. Therefore, zippers and seams have to be considered as access points for the penetration of mite droppings. As for the penetration of airborne mite particles through the zipper, the penetration level was greatly attenuated by the presence of a cover strip. Depending on the respective quality and the construction type, the mite allergen Der p1 penetrated most likely through the zipper and seams of the specimens, already after a single laundry cycle. Hence, laundry may compromise the barrier performance and proves to be an important quality feature. In all samples, the textile surface showed sufficient allergen impermeability. Our conclusions provide recommendations to both manufacturers and users.

Highlights

IntroductionAs HDM are found in almost all dwellings and in much larger concentrations in mattresses than on floors [3], avoidance of HDM in their beds is crucial for allergic patients since mattresses are the most important habitat and source of mite allergens to which we are exposed for many hours during nocturnal sleep [4]
A novel penetration cell was developed to expose the specimens to an inoculum of purified mite droppings that was assessed for its allergen content Der p1 prior to the penetration tests
Zippers and seams have to be considered as access points for the penetration of mite droppings

Summary

Introduction

As HDM are found in almost all dwellings and in much larger concentrations in mattresses than on floors [3], avoidance of HDM in their beds is crucial for allergic patients since mattresses are the most important habitat and source of mite allergens to which we are exposed for many hours during nocturnal sleep [4]. Three studies reported that mattress covers without other measures were not effective [8] [9] [10]. The absence of clinical benefits could either be explained by unknown access points of bed covers like poor barrier efficacy of the fabric, the seams or zippers, or for example further allergen sources [7]

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion