Abstract
Resistance degradation of lead magnesium niobate (PMN)-based relaxor ferroelectrics during nickel electroplating, as well as the recovery of the degraded specimen through air annealing, were investigated by using resistance measurement and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It was found that the resistivity of the ceramics declined nonlinearly with the electroplating time, and eventually, an obvious degradation occurred. The XPS results showed that parts of and were reduced to metallic Pb and by hydrogen during electroplating. In view of defect chemistry, oxygen vacancies and free electrons were produced, leading to the resistance degradation. It was also found that the degraded PMN-based ceramics could regain its resistivity characteristics after being annealed in air at high temperatures. The correlation of Pb and reoxidation and the resistivity recovery was clarified, which in turn confirmed that the generation of metallic Pb and resulted in the resistance degradation of the ceramics during nickel electroplating. © 2001 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
