Abstract
In the district energy systems (DESs), it is very essential to integrate hybrid distributed energy resources for improving energy resilience following events, and more variety of distributed resources results in a more resilient system. In this paper, the proposed district is formed by various buildings, an electric vehicle parking station, and a multi-level energy storage system. In the multi-level storage, the battery energy storage (BES) shifts energy over the hours, the pumped storage hydropower (PSH) shifts energy over the seasons, and the super-capacitor energy storage deals with rapid power fluctuations. The proposed model minimizes the energy cost by optimal scheduling of the multi-level storage system and the electric vehicles. The results demonstrate that the BES decreases the annual cost by 12 % and the coordinated BES-PSH decreases the annual energy cost by 24.3 %. The battery releases energy to the district when the electricity is expensive such as hours 13, 14, and 20. The seasonal storage shifts energy from seasons 1 and 3 to seasons 2 and 4. The uncertainty in the parameters increases the energy cost by about 40 %.
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