Residual nuclide formation in 206,207,208, natPb and 209Bi induced by 0.04-2.6 GeV protons as well as in 56Fe induced by 0.3-2.6 GeV protons

Abstract

This work is aimed at experimental determination of independent and cumulative yields of radioactive residual product nuclei in the intermediate energy proton-irradiated thin targets made of highly isotopic enriched and natural lead ( 206,207,208,nat Pb), bismuth ( 209 Bi), and highly isotopic enriched iron ( 56 Fe). 5972 independent and cumulative yields of radioactive residuals nuclei have been measured in 55 thin Pb and Bi targets irradiated by 0.04, 0.07, 0.10, 0.15, 0.25, 0.6, 0.8, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, and 2.6GeV protons. Besides, 219 yields have been measured in 0.3, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.6GeV proton-irradiated Fe target. In both cases, the protons were extracted from the ITEP U-10 synchrotron. The measured data are compared with experimental results obtained elsewhere and with theoretical calculations by seven codes. The predictive power was found to be different for each of the codes tested, but was satisfactory on the whole in the case of spallation products. At the same time, none of the codes can describe well the product yields throughout the whole product mass range, and all codes must be further improved.