Abstract
Since the patterns of residential buildings in the urban area are small-sized and dispersed, this study proposes a high-resolution flood loss and risk assessment model to analyze the direct loss and risk impacts caused by floods. The flood inundation simulation with a fine digital elevation model (DEM) provides detailed estimations of flood-inundated areas and their corresponding inundation depths during the 2016 Typhoon Megi and 2017 Typhoon Haitang. The flood loss assessment identifies the impacts of both events on residential areas. The depth-damage table from surveys in the impacted area was applied. Results indicated that the flood simulation with the depth-damage table is an effective way to assess the direct loss of a flood disaster. The study also showed the effects of spatial resolution on the residential loss. The results indicated that the low-resolution model easily caused the estimated error of loss in dispersed residential areas when compared with the high-resolution model. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP), as a multi-criteria decision-making method, was used to identify the weight factor for each vulnerability factor. The flood-vulnerable area was mapped using natural and social vulnerability factors, such as high-resolution DEM, distance to river, distance to fire station, and population density. Eventually, the flood risk map was derived from the vulnerability and flood hazard maps to present the risk level of the flood disaster in the residential areas.
Highlights
Floods are some of the most catastrophic natural disasters that include severe economic impacts, especially if floods happen in big cities around the world
This study proposes a geographic information system (GIS)-based high-resolution flood loss and risk assessment model to analyze the direct loss and risk impacts caused by a flood in a residential urban area
A flood hazard map was created on the basis of the data of the flood simulation model that was processed with an automatic GIS model
Summary
Floods are some of the most catastrophic natural disasters that include severe economic impacts, especially if floods happen in big cities around the world. In Taiwan, floods in the last 25 years have resulted in losses of $518 million USD. The flood losses are approximately 4.6 times the losses caused by fire damage [1]. Floods result in the exposure of many properties in residential areas to standing water. Inundation may cause structural damages, such as on wall linings, and property damage, including electronic devices [2]. Flood damages and losses can be broadly divided into two types: direct losses and indirect losses. Direct flood losses are those caused by the physical or structural impact of a flood event while indirect losses are not the direct economic losses of a flood. In the majority of damage estimation studies, losses are restricted to direct losses for each element [3].
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