Resident Burnout Trends During COVID-19: A Retrospective Observational Study

Abstract

This study was designed to assess the effects of the coronavirus disease pandemic on job satisfaction (JS) and burnout among surgical sub-specialty residents. This is a retrospective, observational, survey-based study. We administered a web-based questionnaire to surgical sub-specialty residents, and results were compared to a prior study in 2016. The questionnaire included elements on demographics, JS, burnout, and self-care habits. Basic statistical analyses were used to compare data from 2020 and 2016. This study takes place at Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital, a single mid-sized New Jersey-based academic institution. This survey was sent to all obstetrics and gynecology and general surgery residents from every postgraduate year based out of our institution. The survey was sent to a total of 50 residents across the 2 programs. Forty total residents responded to the survey, with a response rate of 80%. JS was significantly higher in 2020 than 2016 (p < 0.001). There were no differences between postgraduate years for 2020 or 2016 in emotional exhaustion (p = 0.29, p = 0.75), personal accomplishment (p = 0.88, p = 0.26), or depersonalization (p = 0.14, p = 0.59) burnout scores. A total of 0% of residents in 2020 worked fewer than 61 hours per week. Residents in 2020 exercised more (40.0% vs 21.6%), had similar alcohol usage (60%), and had similar diets to residents in 2016. Residents in 2020 were less likely to regret their specialty (7.5% vs 21.6%), consider changing residencies (30.0% vs 37.8%), or consider a career change (15.0% vs 45.9%). JS scores were significantly higher during the coronavirus disease pandemic. The cancellation of elective surgeries led to a lighter workload for surgical residents. Residents were uncertain of their role during the pandemic, however, new stressors encouraged residents to seek alternative methods for personal wellness.