Abstract

Historical approach is one way of supporting the learning of concepts and phenomena of chemistry, and nature of chemistry. In this article, project works dealing with the topics to chemistry (organic reactions and synthesis, acid and alkali oxides, mass and mole, Le Châtelier’s principle, atom models, electrochemistry, gas laws, and periodic table of elements) by the students of Central Topics of Chemistry Teaching II course are being presented. First, based on research literature, a summary on how history is used to teach each topic is presented in English or in Finnish, with the results of a case study regarding each topic. In most of the presented studies, it was noted that using historical approach increased the interest towards the subject. All designed materials and lesson plans can be found online: www.luma.fi/materiaalit. They can easily be implemented in chemistry teaching on different levels of education.

Highlights

  • This article describes an investigation carried out to test and develop the historical teaching method in chemistry using organic reactions and synthesis, in particular the Fischer–Speier esterification reaction

  • As part of the study, a lesson was designed for an International Baccalaureate (IB) class

  • The epistemological motivations were to teach the process of scientific knowledge development, science as a community endeavour as well as the scientific approach to synthesis

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Summary

Introduction

This article describes an investigation carried out to test and develop the historical teaching method in chemistry using organic reactions and synthesis, in particular the Fischer–Speier esterification reaction. A lesson plan and a Prezi presentation were devised, introducing the students to the methods of organic synthesis via esterification. This content was contextualised within a historic perspective. The second part of the study involved a multiple-choice questionnaire based on the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI) using a Likert scale with seven options as well as two open-ended short-answer questions. These were used to examine student motivation as defined by self-determination theory and perceptions about how scientists work as well as the value of history in scientific development

Nature of science and the historical method in science teaching
History of organic chemistry and synthesis
Modern synthesis
Curricular context
Duration and structure
Student motivation and perceptions
The questionnaire used
Results
Open-ended question results and assessment
Conclusions
Johdanto
Historiallinen lähestymistapa ja luonnontieteiden luonne
Oppitunti historian siivin
Tutkimustuloksia
Tulosten arviointia
Historiallinen lähestymistapa
Ainemäärän ja moolin historia
Oppituntikokeilu ja tutkimuksen suoritus
Tulosten arviointi
Historiallisen opetusmenetelmän oppimisen ja opetuksen haasteita
Historiallisen opetusmenetelmän hyötyjä opetuksessa
Luonnon tieteellisen luonteen kuvaaminen opetuksessa
Tutkimus
Johtopäätökset
Historiallisen lähestymistavan tavoitteet opetustuokiossa
Opetustuokion kulku
Tulokset
Sähkökemia perusopetuksen opetussuunnitelman perusteissa
Kokeellisuuden merkitys kemian opetuksessa
Tutkimus ja johtopäätökset
Kaasujen tilanyhtälö lukion opetussuunnitelmassa ja kirjoissa
Draama opetuksessa
Tutkimukseen käytetyn oppitunnin kuvaus
Tutkimus ja tulokset
Historiallinen lähestymistapa osana luonnontieteiden luonteen opetusta
Jaksollisen järjestelmän historia
Tutkimuksen kulku
Johtopäätökset ja pohdinta

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