Abstract
Brown rot caused by Monilia laxa (Aderh. & Ruhland, Honey) is one of the most damaging fungal disease for stone fruit species, in all European countries and in Romania as well. A great deal effort is done to study its biology and ecology, for disease monitoring and containment. This paper presents the result obtained at RIFG Pitesti Romania during 2018-2020 in monitoring and early warning of the disease attack, using two different weather stations and forecast modules made in Europe and USA. A correlation was found (R2=0.0146, r=0.1208, n=585), which proves that the microclimate was favorable for stone fruits brown rot infections, for varieties evaluation and classification and to supply data to develop new early warning tools as well. The results obtained with the two forecast systems makes possible the early warning on the attack risk of brown rot, both cherry and plum orchards. In the same period 26 cherry and 22 plum varieties were studied regarding their behavior to the pathogen natural infections. Among the Romanian varieties the ones with the lowest damages degree were: 'George', 'Clasic', 'Daria', 'Negre de Bistriţa', 'Roşii de Bistriţa', 'Rubin', 'Severin' and 'Uriaşe de Bistriţa' (DD%=0.13-0.14) on cherry and 'Pescaruş' 'Record', 'Gras ameliorat', 'Romanţa', 'Roman, 'Ialomiţa' and 'Dâmboviţa' (DD%=0.03-0.14) on plum. Under long term study, the most sensitives to brown rot attack were 'Lapins' cherry variety (DD%=3.93) as well as 'Stanley' Centenar and 'd’Agen' plum varieties (DD%=4.68-4.72), which can be used as 'indicators', in order to triggers the phytoprotection programs.
Highlights
Results on about the infection risk brown rot on plum and cherry and infections early warning The local microclimate data collected reveal that the years of the study (2018-2020) were very favorable for the brown rots on cherries and plums
Based on collected and processed data, between the monthly average temperatures - higher than 50C and the air relative humidity values, a correlation was found (R2=0.0146, r=0.1208, n=585), which proves that the microclimate was favorable for stone fruits brown rot infections and development, for varieties evaluation and as well
The results obtained with the two weather platforms and software systems in collecting storing and processing weather data, together with the assessment 'biological reserve from the previous years' established on sensitive varieties, makes possible the early warning on the attack risk of brown rot (Monilia spp.), both cherry and plum orchards
Summary
The economic importance of the species Cherry and plum are two temperate fruit species with economic importance, their fruits being requested by the consumers for fresh consumption or processed worldwide. In Europe, cherry harvested surface is 170,874 ha, with a mean production of 793,466 t / year. The most important cherry producing countries are Turkey, Spain, Italy, Romania and Greece. Romania is producing 76,292 t / year from 6,393 ha. In Europe the average the average plum harvested surface is 381602 ha, with a mean production of 2,539,868 t / year. The most important plum producing countries are Romania, Serbia and Bulgaria followed by Turkey. Romania is producing 558356 t plums / year, from 65985 ha. Romania is producing 558356 t plums / year, from 65985 ha. (Faostat, 2014-2018)
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