NEW STONE FRUIT VARIETIES OF VNIISPK SELECTION

Abstract

In the Central Chernozem Region (CCR) the interest in adaptive and productive stone crop varieties with fruit of high quality increases. The fruits of these crops are used fresh and for different processing. The fruits contain not only sugars and organic acids but also biochemical active substances, vitamins C, B, B2, B9, P, β-carotene and many others, what is of interest not only as food but also as medicinal crops. In this article we describe economical and biological characteristics of three sour cherry varieties, two sweet cherry varieties, one plum and one apricot developed in the frames of VNIISPK breeding program. These varieties are not yet sufficiently widespread in CCR. Their introduction into the assortment of this region will allow increasing the domestic fruit production and contribute to import substitution. Sour cherry variety Businka was developed on a new genetic basis F2 with using Maaka remote cherry species in crossings. Businka is characterized by high resistance to fungal diseases, winter hardiness, productivity and good fruit quality. Sour cherry variety Kapelka was developed on a new genetic basis F2 with using Maaka remote cherry species in crossings. It is characterized by high winter hardiness, productivity, high resistance to coccomyces and brown rot. Sour cherry Putinka is characterized by large attractive and tasty fruit, productivity and resistance to coccomyces and brown rot. Orlovskaya Feya is a sweet cherry variety of early ripening with dark-red fruit of good taste. Podarok Orlu is a sweet cherry variety of early ripening; its fruit are of high marketable and consumer qualities. Plum variety Kromskaya combines good taste, large fruit and high yields. Apricot Kunach is characterized by good productivity, winter hardiness and high recovery capacity after severe winters.