Research Progress on Exosomes Derived from Human Adipose Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Abstract

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have the potential of multi-directional differentiation, have stable genetic information, can self-replicate and renew, and are commonly used as seed cells in the field of regeneration1. Adipose mesenchymal stem cells, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells are the most commonly used mesenchymal stem cells. Compared with other mesenchymal stem cells, adipose mesenchymal stem cells have a wide range of sources, relatively simple acquisition methods and less trauma2. Therefore, adipose mesenchymal stem cells have gradually become a new favorite in stem cell research. However, due to the harsh storage conditions and inconvenient transportation of living cells, the survival rate of direct transplantation into living organisms is low, which makes it difficult for clinical application. Exosome is a kind of extracellular secretory vesicle, which exists in almost all body fluids and can be extracted from the supernatant of most cultured cells in vitro3. It has the characteristics of secretory cells, simple storage, convenient transportation and low immunogenicity, providing a new direction for the clinical application of adipose mesenchymal stem cells. Therefore, this paper reviews the exosomes derived from adipose mesenchymal stem cells.