Abstract
The deep sea is the frontier of materials research in the 21st century. Owing to the particularity of pressure (15–120 MPa), hydrothermal temperature (90–400°C), and explosive fluid (strong H2S) in the deep‐sea hydrothermal field environment, the research on the corrosion mechanism of service materials in this environment under the coupling action of many harsh factors is almost blank. It has become the bottleneck of equipment and material research and development for China to explore the deep sea. This paper reviews the research progress of corrosion mechanisms of deep‐sea environmental materials at home and abroad, and forecasts the research trend and difficulties in this field, especially in the deep‐sea hydrothermal field. At the same time, it points out the urgency of the construction of harsh environment materials platform and its relevance to the discipline construction of marine college.
Highlights
Oceans account for about 71% of the Earth’s surface area and are the largest potential resource base on the planet that has not been fully recognized and utilized by mankind
With the increasing demand for metal resources and the exhaustion of land mineral resources, seabed mineral resources will become the replacement resources of mankind in the 21st century. ese seabed mineral resources are often referred to as deep-sea mineral resources because they are located at depths of thousands of meters under water
Fill the Blank Of the Deep-Sea Integral Corrosion Test. e experiment of material corrosion in deep-sea hydrothermal zone will improve the overall corrosion mechanism of deep-sea materials and fill in the blank of material corrosion mechanism in this area. e structure, composition, morphology, and distribution of each component phase or microstructure in the microstructure of materials subjected to multifactor coupling corrosion were studied. e mechanochemical effect mechanism of materials in an extremely harsh environment is revealed at macro and phase scales
Summary
Oceans account for about 71% of the Earth’s surface area and are the largest potential resource base on the planet that has not been fully recognized and utilized by mankind. In the deep-sea hydrothermal area (Figure 2), seawater, which penetrates the lithosphere through oceanic crust fissures, is heated by a heat source (surrounding rock or magma chamber) and reacts with the surrounding rock, resulting in changes in the properties of the surrounding rock and seawater itself, and seawater turning into hydrothermal fluid in this process As it continues to percolate and be heated, the hydrothermal fluids (temperatures of 300–400°C and density of 0.7 g/cm3) rise back to the seafloor under buoyant force, forming sulfide-rich hydrothermal fluids that erupt at several meters per second and form “;black chimneys”; (rich in H2S, H2, CH4, metal sulfides, oxides, metal particles, and so on). Since the 1960s, material researchers have carried out continuous and effective experimental research in the natural environment corrosion of deep-sea (deep-sea hanging plates) and laboratory simulation corrosion
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