Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a neuroendocrine heterogeneous disease that frequently occurs in women of reproductive age, causing serious damage to the fertility, quality of life, and physical and mental health of patients. The current studies have proved that satisfactory endometrial receptivity is one of the conditions that must be met during the process of spermatovum position, adhesion and invasion, as well as the subsequent blastocyst division and embryo development. Women with PCOS may suffer a series of pathological processes such as changes in the expression levels of hormones and related receptors, imbalances in the proportion of miscellaneous cytokines, insulin resistance, low-grade chronic inflammation and endometrial morphological changes, which will damage endometrial receptivity from various aspects and obstruct fertilized egg nidation and embryonic development, thus causing adverse reproductive health events including infertility and abortion. This article reviews the research progress about characteristics and related influencing factors of endometrial receptivity in PCOS patients.
Highlights
Diagnosis and classification of Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) The pathogenic factors of PCOS are currently undetermined
The major international diagnostic criteria currently proposed include the National Institutes of Health (NIH) standard by the NIH, the Rotterdam criteria suggested by the European Society for Human Reproduction and Embryology/American Society for Reproductive Medicine, and the Androgen Excess Society (AES) criteria advanced by AES [6]
A trial of intrauterine instillation of human chorionic gonadotropin in infertile PCOS patients indicated no significant difference in serum E2 levels between the control group and the perfusion group during the implantation window; the serum P level was markedly higher in the perfusion group than in the control group during the implantation window
Summary
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a neuroendocrine heterogeneous disease that commonly occurs in women of childbearing age and is one of the major factors of female infertility. PCOS certainly affects ovulation and the normal menstrual cycle in women of childbearing age but may increase the risk of endometrial cancer, type II diabetes, and cardiovascular disease [9, 35, 104], causing serious damage to the fertility, quality of life, and physical and mental health of patients. The endometrium generally shows maximum receptivity 6–9 d post-ovulation, a period referred to as the implantation window that typically lasts 30–36 h [80]. It requires the support of estrogen and progesterone secreted by the corpus luteum, and is affected by various genes, proteins, cytokines and adhesion molecules. This article briefly reviews the progress of current research on the characteristics and related influencing factors for endometrial receptivity in PCOS patients
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