Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a family of small non-coding RNAs with a length of 22 to 24 nucleotides, involved in post transcriptional regulation of gene expression through a complementary matching with the 3’ untranslated regions of target mRNAs, leading to either mRNA degradation or translational repression. miRNAs play an important role in all biological processes such as embryogenesis, cell proliferation, apoptosis and even in stem cell differentiation. Aberrant miRNAs expression is associated with many diseases including cancer. The key role which miRNAs play in cancer development and drug resistance has been investigated quickly since the first connection between cancer and miRNAs deregulation was discovered in the year of 2002. However, there is still a long way to fully understand the world of miRNAs. In this review, miRNAs biogenesis and role of miRNAs in cancer development and drug resistance are introduced, and how miRNAs can be used as biomarkers and as a novel therapeutic approach in cancer is described. Key words: MicroRNA; Cancer; Biomarker
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