Abstract
Autophagy is an important pathway of degrading excess and abnormal proteins and organelles through their engulfment into autophagosomes that subsequently fuse with the vacuole. Autophagy-related genes (ATGs) are essential for the formation of autophagosomes. To date, about 35 ATGs have been identified in Arabidopsis, which are involved in the occurrence and regulation of autophagy. Among these, 17 proteins are related to resistance against plant pathogens. The transcription coactivator non-expressor of pathogenesis-related genes 1 (NPR1) is involved in innate immunity and acquired resistance in plants, which regulates most salicylic acid (SA)-responsive genes. This paper mainly summarizes the role of ATGs and NPR1 in plant immunity and the advancement of research on ATGs in NPR1 metabolism, providing a new idea for exploring the relationship between ATGs and NPR1.
Highlights
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The other immune defense line is activated by the proteins encoded by resistance genes (R genes), these proteins can directly or indirectly recognize the effectors secreted by pathogenic microorganisms
A series of Autophagy-related genes (ATGs) co-located in the phagophore assembly site (PAS), initiate the process of autophagy
Summary
Plants have evolved a complex immune system to combat the threat from pathogenic microorganisms in nature, including innate and acquired immunity [1–3] It possesses two innate immune defense lines that enable cell-autonomous defense responses upon pathogen infection. The other immune defense line is activated by the proteins encoded by resistance genes (R genes), these proteins can directly or indirectly recognize the effectors secreted by pathogenic microorganisms. This process is known as effector-triggered immunity (ETI) that usually leads to local programmed cell death (PCD) called hypersensitive response (HR) [7,8]. Recent studies have shown that pipecolic acid (Pip) and glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) stimulate each other’s biosynthesis and act together to trigger intracellular SAR and the emission of plant-to-plant (PTP) cues [32,33]
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