Abstract
Polymeric vesicles served as the most promising candidates of drug delivery nanocarriers are attracting increasing attention in cancer therapy. Significant advantages have been reported, including hydrophilic molecules with high loading capacity, controllable drug release, rapid and smart responses to stimuli and versatile functionalities. In this study, we have made a systematic review of all aspects of nano-vesicles as drug delivery vectors for cancer treatment, mainly including the following aspect: characteristics of polymeric nanovesicles, polymeric nanovesicle synthesis, and recent progress in applying polymeric nanovesicles in antitumor drug delivery. Polymer nanovesicles have the advantages of synergistic photothermal and imaging in improving the anticancer effect. Therefore, we believe that drug carrier of polymer nanovesicles is a key direction for cancer treatment.
Highlights
Malignant tumors are a major problem threatening human health
Differences in the tumor tissue and normal tissue microenvironments enable constructing vesicles using polymeric materials that respond to stimuli, which in turn makes the vesicles more responsive to stimuli (Zhang et al, 2012). These polymeric nanovesicles are stable when circulating in vivo, and when they reach the targeted lesion, they respond to a specific stimulus at that site by changing the properties of the polymeric chain segments and rapidly releasing their encapsulated drug or bioactive molecule at that specific site
Polymeric nanovesicles are commonly synthesized via film hydration, solvent volatilization, phase transfer, direct dissolution, electrical formation and microfluidic preparation (Liao et al, 2012; Shen et al, 2017)
Summary
Malignant tumors are a major problem threatening human health. Chemotherapy is one of the most important treatments for advanced malignant tumors (Bray et al, 2020). Nanomedicines were first developed in the 1960s (Wang et al, 2008; Zhao et al, 2014; Bray et al, 2020) when scientists proposed the application of nanolipid vesicles (i.e., liposomes) for drug delivery. Langer and Folkman prepared the first long-circulating poly (ethylene glycol)-poly (lactic acid-ethanolic acid) nanoparticles, which were approved by the U.S Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as the first nanomedicine for clinical use in treating. Polymer conjugates Metastatic breast cancer Advanced non-small-cell lung cancer Non-small-cell lung cancer Acute myeloid leukaemia Advanced gastric cancer Soft tissue sarcoma metastasis, prevention of tumor recurrence, and novel smart polymeric nanovesicle carrier antitumor drugs. Despite the many advantages of polymeric nanovesicle carriers, no nanovesicular drugs have received FDA approval or are in clinical trials. We present the applications and recent research progress regarding polymeric nanovesicles as nanodrug carriers in therapeutics, including prolonged tumor retention, reversal of multidrug resistance, inhibition of tumor
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