Abstract
Time synchronicity works as a popular requirement in wireless sensor networks. Pulse-coupled oscillators similar to firefly flashing and synchronization via discrete pulse coupling are widely used in wireless sensor networks. In this article, we have studied the time synchronization with communication delay in the nearest neighbor network of distributed sensors, based on the pulse-coupled oscillators model of synchronicity achieved by biological systems. First, we present a linear pulse-coupled oscillators model with coupling delay and the model is used to analyze the wireless sensor networks synchronization with communication delay. Second, we mathematically analyze the firing behaviors in the linear pulse-coupled oscillators network using the delayed excitatory coupling and track the synchronization process of the two and multi-oscillators and obtain the synchronization conditions from the regression mapping. Finally, through the proposed model implementation in the wireless sensor networks simulation framework, we demonstrate that the multi-oscillators system can be synchronized from a random starting stage distribution under linear phase responding functions and the nearest neighbor communication. The results show that our approach can achieve clock synchronization in wireless sensor networks with delayed nearest neighbor communication.
Highlights
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) consist of a plurality of sensor nodes that are linked without any centralized infrastructure being assumed.[1]
Throughout this article, we demonstrate a linear pulse-coupled oscillators (PCOs) model with coupling delay, based on the PCOs model of synchronicity achieved by biological systems, and the model proves to achieve synchronization in the sensor network of nearest neighbor communication, which narrows the distance between settings in the real world
This study provides a new research idea for time synchronization in WSNs consisting of the nearest neighbor communication with delay
Summary
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) consist of a plurality of sensor nodes that are linked without any centralized infrastructure being assumed.[1]. Data transmission in WSNs is accomplished by multi-hop communication, in which the sensor nodes transmit their data to the sink via neighboring nodes, and obstructions in the environment can limit communication between nodes, which in turn affects the network synchronicity.[24,25,26,27] Based on the above results mentioned, we study and analyze the linear PCOs model synchronization in WSNs indoor application environment with non-fully connected to the topology. This article considerably extends the linear PCOs model in our prior work.[28,29] There are some major differences: we consider the propagation delay in real-world wireless environment, and the sensor network deployed in the indoor environment is not a fully connected topology.
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