Research on the pricing strategy of park electric vehicle agent considering carbon trading

Abstract

The large-scale use of electric vehicles provides the strong support for the realization of the decarbonization in the energy sectors. With the maturity of the carbon trading market, a large number of decentralized electric vehicles play an important role in the carbon market because of their zero emission characteristics. However, how the decentralized electric vehicles participate in the carbon market is a challenge in the present world. For the purpose of reducing the load peak-valley difference and guiding a large number of electric vehicles in the park to charge in an orderly manner, we put forward a pricing strategy for the park electric vehicle agent under the background of “carbon peaking and carbon neutralization”. A two-level Stackelberg game model is developed, in which the upper level maximizes the profits of park electric vehicle agent and the lower level minimizes the charging cost of the electric vehicle owners. The park electric vehicle agent participates in the carbon market by selling the carbon emission allowances owned by electric vehicles in the park to obtain subsidies and increase profits. The optimal pricing strategy of the electric vehicle agent can effectively guide the decentralized electric vehicle users in the park to participate in the electricity and carbon market transactions and reduce the peak-valley load difference. The commercial solver CPLEX based on YALMIP is used to solve the model, and a case study is given to verify the feasibility and validity of the proposed scheme.