Research on the Possibility of Biotechnological Using Wastes of Fruit and Vegetable Products as a Substrate for Lentinula edodes

Abstract

Background. There are a number of interrelated problems: global hunger and malnutrition, depletion of natural resources, significant food losses and a significant increase in agro-industrial waste (agriculture and food processing). The use of agro-industrial waste as a substrate for the cultivation of basidium fungi is one of the ways to solve these problems. Popular edible mushroom shiitake (Lentinula edodes) is one of top three world leaders in terms of cultivation, so the development of technology for its cultivation using raw materials and crop waste is relevant for solving both environmental and nutrition problems.Objective. The purpose of the paper is establishing the possibility of biotechnological use of waste from the processing of apples and grapes by bioconversion with fungi of the species L. edodes.Methods. The principal growth potential at processing waste from apple and grape was investigated. Inoculation of sowing culture and determination of aphid speed were carried out according to standard methods. The method of Latin orthogonal rectangles was chosen to optimize the selection of a method for preparing a nutrient medium.Results. L. edodes strain 22 showed the best result in growth rate on grape pomace, L. edodes strain 29 grew better on apple processing waste, L. edodes strain 24 showed an average result on all studied media, therefore, for further studies L. edodes strains 22 and 24 were selected. Using the method of Latin orthogonal rectangles, the following results were obtained: for L. edodes strain 22, grape non-extracted pomace are the most optimal medium for the preparation of the sowing material and for the main cultivation; for L. edodes strain 24, grape extracted pomace are the most optimal medium for the preparation of sowing material and for the main cultivation.Conclusions. Natural nutrient mediums provide a high growth rate of L. edodes cultures on various agar medium. Taking into account the growth rate at processing waste from apple and grape, two strains were selected for further research – 22 and 24. Using the proposed algorithms for the preparation of the seed material and the main substrate allows to reduce the substrate growth time by 20%, which not only reduces the entire cultivation preparation cycle by 10%, but also reduces the risk of contamination of the substrate by increasing the competitiveness of the Lentinula edodes.