Abstract
The maximum fire smoke temperature beneath tunnel ceilings using longitudinal ventilation was studied by both small-scale experiments and numerical simulations for a small heat release rate (HRR) fire. And then, the accuracy of the numerical simulation is verified. A numerical simulation is subsequently employed to modify the Kurioka model for cases in large HRR. Then, the modified Kurioka model is verified by various on-site high HRR fire experimental results conducted by other authors.
Highlights
When the tunnel fires, the high temperature smoke can bring serious threat to people's lives [1,2,3], and cause serious thermal damage to tunnel structure, and even collapsed [4]
The comparison of the results indicates that the Kurioka model fails to predict the maximum fire smoke temperature beneath the tunnel ceiling with large heat release rate (HRR) values
The maximum fire smoke temperature beneath the tunnel ceiling was studied experimentally and numerically for small HRR to verify the validity of the numerical simulation
Summary
The high temperature smoke can bring serious threat to people's lives [1,2,3], and cause serious thermal damage to tunnel structure, and even collapsed [4]. Predicting the maximum fire smoke temperature beneath the tunnel ceiling is meaningful. The maximum fire smoke temperature beneath tunnel ceilings has been studied by researchers using both experimental and numerical methods. Ying Zhen Li et al [5] analyzed the effects of different ventilation systems, ventilation velocities, HRRs, tunnel geometries and fire sources on the maximum excess fire smoke temperature beneath the ceiling in large tunnel fire tests. Ying Zhen Li et al [6] conducted model-scale experiments to investigate the maximum excess fire smoke temperature beneath the tunnel ceiling. L.H. Hu et al [7] experimentally and numerically studied the maximum fire smoke temperature under the tunnel ceiling. In 2003, Kurioka, Oka et al [8] proposed a model to predict the maximum smoke temperature under the tunnel ceiling based on model scale experiments, as shown in Eq 1. Other authors demonstrated the accuracy of the Kurioka model using experimental or numerical methods.[
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