Research on the Applications of Molecular Biotechnology in Medicine

Abstract

In recent decades, molecular biological technology has gradually applied in western medicine and traditional Chinese Medicine. This paper firstly introduces the concept of molecular biological technology, and expounds the applications in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases in western medicine and the applications in mechanism and development of traditional Chinese medicine in order to provide references for the related researchers. People gradually realize that the essence of health and disease problems ultimately can be attributed to the interactions between biomolecules since the new century. So, in recent decades, people have enhanced the study of molecular biological technology in the applications in medicine. Molecular biology technology plays an important role in the medical applications. For example, in some genes involved in the application of all cannot do without the molecular biological technique. At the same time in the occurrence of disease form mechanism and disease diagnosis and drug is unavoidable in the development of molecular biological technology. The development of these technologies will also accelerate the development of molecular biological technology itself, making the technology and medicine into a spiral development and laying a solid theoretical basis for western medicine and traditional Chinese medicine. Concept of Molecular Biotechnology Molecular Biotechnology is a technical which achieves the transformation of the structure of biological people get products people need to use proteins and nucleic acids properties through the study of proteins, nucleic acids in molecular level and molecular biological technology, to grasp its nature. The main molecular biotechnology includes the known gene synthesis, unknown sequence synthesis, Southern blot, Northern blot hybridization. Molecular biological technology is mainly used for recombinant protein production, gene transformation of species, gene therapy, gene transformation and criminal judge, environmental protection etc. Molecular biotechnology is the cell fusion and gene recombination technology as the foundation, through study of some characteristics and functions of organism itself, the new design and construct a new species with human intervention or new lines, and then to carry out mutual production and processing combined with some engineering principles, a comprehensive technological system to provide additional goods and services. So we often put the molecular biological technique called biological engineering, it also marks the main research direction of modern biological technology. In these research direction, cell engineering, genetic engineering, enzyme engineering, research on the sequencing and DNA chip technology is a main research direction. The study of lymphocyte hybridism and DNA recombination made the birth of molecular biological technology in 1970s. After 40 years of development, molecular biological technology has become the mainstream direction of research of modern medicine. Practice has proved that the molecular biology technology to solve human health, food, energy and environment of some related to human development have broad application prospects. Therefore, molecular biology techniques have been brought from all aspects of attention has become a technology to businesses and governments are very concerned about. Researchers strengthen the research on this aspect and investment afterwards. The twenty-first century will be an era of the rapid development of molecular biology techniques, and the application of molecular biology technology in medicine will also appear blowout type development prospects. The developments of the past several decades make us believe that the International Conference on Information Sciences, Machinery, Materials and Energy (ICISMME 2015) © 2015. The authors Published by Atlantis Press 1958 applications of molecular techniques will bring new development opportunities for modern medicine. Applications in Western Medicine Applications in Diagnosis of Diseases. The outbreaks of large scale diseases have occurred in our country several times such as the H1N1 influenza and H7N9 of avian influenza type, which caused a certain degree panic in society. On one hand, this is because the disease has its own characteristics; on the other hand it is due to the lack of fast and effective detection means. In other words, these viruses are so small that we can’t use the general method cannot distinguish. The technology of PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) is a method of in vitro enzymatic synthesis of specific DNA fragment, with just a few samples to the number needed in analysis of DNA quickly expanded to millions of times, thus the diagnosis of pathogenic microorganisms. In this process, the PCR technology as a magnifying glass, so that immediately appeared pathogenic microorganism tiny. Of course, this is just one application of them. The technique is also used for prenatal diagnosis. The technical development of the PCR oncogene detection and diagnosis and the paternity testing quickly, especially the real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR, can more quickly get accurate test results showed that, by using real time fluorescent quantitative PCR method to detect human cytomegalovirus infection in patients with bone marrow transplantation is more sensitive than the conventional methods. In addition, the method can also be used to HIV, hepatitis B, hepatitis C virus, human papilloma viral pathogens of accurate detection. The expensive equipment, complex operation and higher environmental requirements restrict the application of this method. With the miniaturization and portable of PCR instrument, the instrument will not only exist in the university laboratory, but also can appear in the people’s life. Molecular biological sensor is the use of certain biological or chemical fixation technology, the biological recognition element (such as enzyme, antibody, antigen, protein, nucleic acid, receptors, cell, microbial, plant and animal tissue) is fixed on the transducer, when the object to be measured and the biological recognition element specificity after reaction, the generated by the transducer the reaction results can be transformed into output, the detection of electrical and optical signals, thus tested material qualitative and quantitative analysis, so as to achieve the purpose of detection and analysis. Detection of molecular biological sensor can be widely applied to a variety of substances, trace protein of body fluid in small organic molecules, nucleic acid etc. These projects are an important basis for the analysis of clinical diagnosis and disease. Applications in Treatment of Diseases. Several successful cases which used gene therapy have appeared in the USA since 1990s. Take the 4 year old Schilder for example. The genetic lack of a correlation with the innate immune function of the enzyme led him loss of immune function and can only live in sterile isolation tent. Scientists will her lack of enzyme gene by gene therapy into its genome, make up the genetic defect, after treatment, the immune function is becoming perfect, eventually lead a normal life. In 1995, the world has more than 100 gene therapy clinical plan, by 2004 this data has been increased to 987. After doctors’ and scientists’ study on the key basic problem in gene therapy as well as the government strengthen the supervision, gene therapy will be more standardized and rational. Clinical programs increasingly show that has a good application prospect in gene therapy. Basic research and clinical trials and the international parallel to our country in the gene therapy of hemophilia,, single gene genetic disease, malignant tumor, cardiovascular disease carried out the research of gene therapy of basic and clinical trials, and the establishment of a national plan of biological field of viral vectors in gene research and development base, mainly the development of adenoma-associated virus vector development and industrialization. Stem cells are progenitor of human tissue cells. In other words, these cells can differentiate into all kinds of human organs due to various reasons. Some patients with organ failure, also is the key is bad, need to be replaced, transplantation of others or other animal organs, all possible rejection of these parts. Using molecular biology techniques, the patients were cells into stem cells, and the differentiation of stem cells into the corresponding tissues or organs, so as to replace failure parts of body . The first British 3D prints development to human embryonic stem