Abstract
Microbial biomass can effectively treat waste from the agro-food industry. Urbanization and economic development have escalated, causing environmental degradation. With the development of the economy and the improvement of peoples living standards, the total amount of waste today is huge, and there are many types. Waste management challenges far exceed those of the early 20th century, requiring innovative solutions and modern environmental protection technologies. Industrial waste is costly to recycle, while animal and plant-based organic waste like potato wastewater, whey, lignin, and cellulose dominate. This article explores the utilization of microorganisms for waste treatment. Yeast biomass offers a solution to reduce waste disposal costs and generate valuable metabolites such as -glucans, vitamins, carotenoids, and enzymes with wide industrial applications. Discovering new applications for yeast, fungi, and bacteria can enhance their effective use in various biotechnological fields.
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