Abstract
A test fleet including 47 gasoline vehicles with 6 different technical types was organized, and the adaptability of these vehicles under China 6 standard was studied. By analyzing the performance of the vehicles tested in laboratory and in real-world, technical types that could simultaneously reconcile emission and fuel consumption performance were proposed. The results show that all vehicles were well performed under laboratory conditions, but in real-world conditions, 50% direct injection vehicles without GPF would fail the RDE test. On the other hand, vehicles with GPF had better performance, all of which passed the RDE tests even if the conformity factor decreased from 2.1 to 1. In addition, it is found that the fuel consumption of the DI vehicles were lower than that of the PFI vehicles. As the DI vehicles with GPF showed better performance on the balance of emission and fuel consumption, indicating that they may have better potentials to deal with the increasing tightened emission and fuel consumption standards at the same time.
Highlights
At the end of 2016, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China and the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China jointly issued the “Limits and measurement methods for emissions from light-duty vehicles (CHINA 6)”, which can be abbreviated to CN6 [1]
Comparing to CN5 [2], major changes in CN6 were concentrated in four aspects: 1) by referring to European experiences, CN6 introduced the Worldwide harmonized Light vehicles Test Procedure (WLTP) [3], and the test cycle was changed from the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) to Worldwide harmonized Light-duty vehicles Test Cycle (WLTC) 2) by referring to European experiences, real-driving emission (RDE) tests was introduced to control the real-world vehicle emissions [4], 3) by referring to the American standards, the evaporative emission test was modified from 1 day diurnal to 2 day diurnal, and Onboard Refueling Vapor Recovery (ORVR) requirements [5] were introduced, 4) tightened the requirements of on-board diagnostic system by referring to US
Technical types can be classified by direct injection (DI) or port fuel injection (PFI), natural aspirated or charged, with or without gasoline particle filter (GPF), forms 6 combinations - PFI vehicles, PFI charged vehicles, PFI charged GPF vehicles, DI vehicles, DI charged vehicles and DI charged GPF vehicles, each has a proportion of about 39%, 2%, 2%, 13%, 35% and 9% respectively as shown in Figure 1, all of the vehicles were new ones with mileages around 3000 km
Summary
At the end of 2016, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China and the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China jointly issued the “Limits and measurement methods for emissions from light-duty vehicles (CHINA 6)”, which can be abbreviated to CN6 [1]. The Chinese government has announced plans to roll out a three-year project to ensure greater achievements in air pollution control in major areas like the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and surrounding areas, the Yangtze River Delta, the Fenhe and Weihe plain and so on. Some of these major areas have already announced to pull ahead the implementation schedule of CN6b to 2019, which is a serious challenge leaving very short time for the OEMs to upgrade and verify their products. By analyzing the emission and fuel consumption performance in laboratory and on real road, technical types that have more potentials to deal with the increasing tightened emission and fuel consumption standards at the same time was recommended
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